This article is designed to goes along with the Collagen/Muscle & Joint Recovery section of your GeneticDetoxification report.
What separates first and second place if often an injury rather than talent. Injuries are often what stop people from being physically active and healthy, especially as they age. Why is it that some people take longer to recover from exercise than others? Why is it that some people are more likely to develop specific injuries from exercise that others?
Understanding the causes and consequences of how your genes might increase your risk of exercise-induced muscle, cartilage, and tendon injuries may allow you to prevent injuries by tailoring your exercise and nutrition to better suit your genetic needs.
Knowing if you are genetically predisposed to have muscle damage, and that you require longer recovery from strenuous exercise, or that you are predisposed to specific types of injuries, can help coaches and athletes tailor training and nutrition to optimize performance and minimize the risk of injuries.
Below are the genes that are included on the GeneticDetoxification Report under the section “Collagen/Muscle & Joint Recovery”. If you have done “23andMe”, then you can create your personalized genetic report to see what risk you have for having these and many more sports and exercise induced injuries.
Exercise and sports injuries included on the GeneticDetoxification Report:
Insulin like growth factor gene(INS-IGF2)
Several SNPs of IGF2 were associated with a loss of muscle strength directly after strenuous exercise. The muscle loss was most pronounced in men. It is thought that IGF2 plays a role in the regulation of protein synthesis, including collagen and muscles. Some of the IGF2 SNPs are listed below:
- Insulin like growth factor gene (INS-IGF2 ) (rs680)—Having one or more of the T allele for the genetic variant rs680 is associated with increased muscle damage, and delayed soreness after strenuous exercise. Having a T risk allele for rs680 is also associated with an increased CK (creatinine kinase) activity after strenuous exercise[2]. CK (creatinine kinase) is protein that increases when muscles have been damaged. In summary, having one or more T risk alleles for this genetic variant (rs680) is associated with strenuous exercise-induced muscle strength loss, especially in men. Therefore, the people who have one or more T risk alleles may need more time to recover after strenuous exercise, and may prevent injuries and recover faster with supplemental collagen and amino acids.
- Insulin like growth factor gene (INS-GF2 ) (rs3213221) – Having one or more C alleles for INS-GF2 (rs3213221) is associated with muscle loss after strenuous exercise, in men. Having one or more C alleles for IGF2 is associated with increased muscle damage, and soreness for up to 3-4 days after exercise. Having a C risk allele is also associated with an increased CK (creatnine kinase) activity after strenuous exercise. CK (creatinine kinase) is protein that increases when muscles have been damaged. In summary, having one or more C risk alleles for this genetic variant (rs3213221) is associated with strenuous exercise-induced muscle strength loss, especially in men[2]. Therefore, people that have one or more C risk alleles may need more time to recover after strenuous exercise, and may prevent injuries and recover faster with supplemental collagen and amino acids.
- Insulin like growth factor (INS-GF2 ) (rs7924316)— Having one or more G alleles for INS-GF2 (rs7924316) is associated with increased muscle damage after intense exercise, in men Therefore, having one or more G alleles for this genetic variant may require the need for more recovery time between strenuous exercises, and may warrant supplementing with collagen and amino acids to prevent the prevent muscle loss, injuries, and decrease recovery time.
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 gene (CCL2)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) (rs3917878)—Following strenuous exercise, the T-allele of the CCL2 rs3917878 SNP was associated with a delayed recovery of maximum strength in men and a higher CK response in women[1]. Therefore, having one or more T alleles for this genetic variant may require the need for more recovery time between strenuous exercises, and may warrant supplementing with collagen and amino acids to prevent the prevent muscle loss, injuries, and decrease recovery time .
- Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) (rs2857656)—Having one or more G risk alleles for CCL2 rs2857656 is associated with increased muscle injuries[3]. Therefore, having one or more G alleles for this genetic variant may require the need for more recovery time between strenuous exercises, and may warrant supplementing with collagen and amino acids to prevent the prevent muscle loss, injuries, and decrease recovery time .
Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) gene
- Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1rs1800012)—Having one or more C alleles for COL1A1 rs1800012 is associated with an increase risk of ACL tears[2]. Therefore, having one or more C alleles for this genetic variant may warrant supplementing with collagen and glucosamine with chondroitin, and avoid high impact activities. I council my patients to ride the bike if appropriate so that they can work on building up their knee muscles.
Collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL5A1) gene
- Collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL5A1rs12722)—Having one or more T risk allele(s) in COL5A1 rs12722 is associated with not producing as much collagen[2]., and thus an increased risk of tendon ruptures, stiffness, tendonitis, carpal tunnel. Therefore, having one or more T allele(s) may warrant supplementing with collagen, limiting high impact activities, and taking the time to warm up correctly before exercise.
Matrix metallopeptidase 3 gene
- Matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) (rs679620).—Having one or more C allele(s) in MMP3 rs679620 is associated with increased risk of Achilles tenodopathies2. Therefore, having the C allele may warrant supplementing with collagen, limiting high impact activities, and taking the time to warm up correctly before exercise.
Below is a list of a few additional genes that important for athletic performance and injury prevention, and that are included in the GeneticDetoxification report and in Dr. Sutton’s book Genetic Testing Defining Your Path to a Personalized Health.
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References:
- Hubal MJ, Devaney JM, Hoffman EP, Zambraski EJ, Gordish-Dressman H, Kearns AK, Larkin JS, Adham K, Patel RR, Clarkson PM. CCL2 and CCR2 polymorphisms are associated with markers of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(6):1651–1658.
- Baumert P, Lake MJ, Stewart CE, Drust B, Erskine RM. Genetic variation and exercise-induced muscle damage: implications for athletic performance, injury and ageing. European journal of applied physiology. 2016;116(9):1595–625.
- Harmon BT, Orkunoglu-Suer EF, Adham K, Larkin JS, Gordish-Dressman H, Clarkson PM, Thompson PD, Angelopoulos TJ, Gordon PM, Moyna NM. CCL2 and CCR2 variants are associated with skeletal muscle strength and change in strength with resistance training. J Appl Physiol. 2010;109(6):1779–1785.
